A Triple Take on Information Technology Implementation

• mener des projets de recherche visant à contribuer à l'avancement des connaissances en matière de gestion stratégique des technologies de l'information; • diffuser ces connaissances dans les communautés scientifique et professionnelle; • contribuer à la formation de gestionnaires et de chercheurs dans ce domaine. Lyne Bouchard Directrice, services conseils Gartner Group Karl Malenfant Chef, Développement et mise en place Projet systèmes d'information clientèle Hydro-Québec Paule Doré Vice-présidente exécutive Chef de la direction corporative CGI Suzanne Rivard Titulaire de la Chaire de gestion stratégique des technologies de l'information HEC Montréal Richard Halley Premier vice-président Technologies de l'information Fédération des caisses Desjardins du Québec Chaire de gestion stratégique des technologies de l'information concerté d'aide à la recherche). Abstract Information Technology (IT) implementation has been studied from a variety of theoretical stances. Notwithstanding the richness of a given theoretical model and its contribution to our understanding of IT implementation, few attempts have been made to analyze a given project or set of projects using different theoretical perspectives. The present study analyzes a set of projects using three different models. At the individual level, we use the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain individual system usage; at the group level, we explain resistance from certain groups of users with the political variant of interaction theory; at the organizational level, we rely on the design parameters of organizational configurations to explain IT adoption. The motivation for using several theoretical models was neither to identify the one with the best explanatory power nor to come up with a unique, all encompassing model, but rather to provide further insights into dimensions that are inevitably neglected with the use of a single model. A case study approach with embedded units of analysis – the individual, the group, and the organization – was deemed appropriate and three cases of clinical information systems' implementation were conducted in hospitals. The analysis reveals the usefulness of each model for providing answers to different questions about IT implementation. The results strongly suggest that the concomitant and complementary use of the three research models provides a more complete understanding of the factors and mechanisms that play a role in explaining the outcomes of an IT implementation endeavor. Résumé Les succès et les échecs de projets d'implantation de systèmes d'information ont été étudiés selon un certain nombre de perspectives théoriques. Nonobstant la richesse de la contribution d'une perspective donnée à la compréhension des résultats …